生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)商品(pin)是消費者(zhe)日常生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)需(xu)品(pin),在(zai)超(chao)市整(zheng)個日常銷售中占(zhan)據重(zhong)要地位。尤(you)其在(zai)我們這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)社區(qu)超(chao)市中,生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)商品(pin)銷售得好壞(huai),更是直(zhi)接影響到銷售指標的(de)(de)(de)達成(cheng)。去(qu)年經(jing)營(ying)(ying)板塊本著(zhu)提(ti)高店鋪銷售和毛(mao)利的(de)(de)(de)預期(qi),提(ti)出生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)自采(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)戰略方針并(bing)成(cheng)立生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)自采(cai)(cai)(cai)小組來落實和解決自采(cai)(cai)(cai)當(dang)中遇到的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)問題。前期(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)自采(cai)(cai)(cai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取了(le)(le)“走(zou)出去(qu)”的(de)(de)(de)地頭采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)、源(yuan)頭采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)的(de)(de)(de)方式,直(zhi)接從田間采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)蔬菜從果園采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)水果,從源(yuan)頭上降低了(le)(le)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)成(cheng)本,減少(shao)了(le)(le)中間差價,使門(men)店的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)在(zai)同周邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)超(chao)市和農(nong)貿市場的(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭中,可以(yi)保持一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)價格優勢,各(ge)店的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)銷售同比都有不同程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升。
今年(nian)疫情期(qi)間,各店生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)銷(xiao)售(shou)呈現(xian)井(jing)噴式(shi)的(de)增長,究其原因,大家心知(zhi)肚明。隨之而來(lai)的(de)就是疫情結束后,生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)銷(xiao)售(shou)跳崖式(shi)的(de)持(chi)續虧損。緣(yuan)何我(wo)們的(de)生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)自采(cai)工作在輝煌了一陣后就偃旗(qi)息鼓一蹶不振了呢?究其原因還是在采(cai)購方法上(shang)出現(xian)了問題。目前我(wo)們生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)的(de)采(cai)購方式(shi)大體有以(yi)下(xia)幾種(zhong):
1、源(yuan)(yuan)頭采(cai)(cai)購(gou)。顧(gu)名思義就(jiu)是直接(jie)去田(tian)間地頭從農(nong)戶那里采(cai)(cai)購(gou)商(shang)品。這種(zhong)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)方式可以(yi)切(qie)斷(duan)中間商(shang)環節,節省采(cai)(cai)購(gou)成本(ben),最大(da)限度(du)地使成本(ben)價降到最低(di)。這就(jiu)要(yao)求我(wo)們的生鮮(xian)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)人員要(yao)多找農(nong)戶或者(zhe)農(nong)業合作社進行聯絡洽談,發展成超市(shi)的長久穩(wen)定的源(yuan)(yuan)頭供貨商(shang),真正地實現農(nong)超對(dui)接(jie)。
2、供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)代采(cai)(cai)。生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)采(cai)(cai)購人(ren)(ren)員不去市場,直接將(jiang)訂(ding)單(dan)(dan)發(fa)送(song)(song)給固定的生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)供(gong)貨商(shang),由他們(men)根據訂(ding)單(dan)(dan)從市場采(cai)(cai)購商(shang)品配送(song)(song)到各(ge)門店。優點是(shi)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)代替生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)采(cai)(cai)購人(ren)(ren)員進行(xing)采(cai)(cai)購,省時省力。缺點是(shi)脫離市場,對生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)市場價格的瞬息變(bian)化失去了解,中間(jian)商(shang)賺配送(song)(song)差價,無形(xing)地提高了商(shang)品成本價,導致商(shang)品售價過高,失去了與周邊市場的競(jing)爭力,長此以(yi)往就會流失大批客源。值得注意的是(shi),目前各(ge)門店生(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)采(cai)(cai)購主要是(shi)以(yi)這(zhe)種方式進行(xing)。
3、門(men)(men)店自(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)。就(jiu)目前各門(men)(men)店自(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)方式主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分為隨(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購和(he)批發市場采(cai)(cai)(cai)購兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。隨(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購是門(men)(men)店生(sheng)鮮(xian)人員在周(zhou)邊(bian)市場進(jin)行市調的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),發現(xian)質(zhi)優價(jia)廉的(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)隨(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)地進(jin)行采(cai)(cai)(cai)購,這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式比較靈活,價(jia)格(ge)合適,在商品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)數量上(shang)也(ye)比較好把控。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)短期一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)銷售為主(zhu)(zhu),當(dang)然(ran),如果(guo)商品(pin)質(zhi)量過(guo)關(guan),價(jia)格(ge)也(ye)比配(pei)送低,也(ye)可(ke)形(xing)成長期性(xing)(xing)合作(zuo)。再一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)是門(men)(men)店定期自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)去蔬果(guo)批發市場進(jin)行比價(jia)議價(jia),采(cai)(cai)(cai)購合適的(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)。因為門(men)(men)店生(sheng)鮮(xian)人員對本門(men)(men)店的(de)(de)(de)顧(gu)客需求和(he)生(sheng)鮮(xian)暢銷品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比較了解,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)更好地根據顧(gu)客的(de)(de)(de)消費(fei)習慣有針對性(xing)(xing)地進(jin)行生(sheng)鮮(xian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)購。門(men)(men)店自(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)更好地把握顧(gu)客需求,減少中間商的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)送差價(jia),降低生(sheng)鮮(xian)損耗(hao)。
盡管我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮自(zi)采處于發展初期,受(shou)采購規模和人員專(zhuan)業性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi),在(zai)(zai)價格控制(zhi)和質量要求上(shang)容(rong)易喪失(shi)話(hua)(hua)語權,變得束手無策。但(dan)是我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮采購人員更(geng)要迎難而上(shang),多(duo)與(yu)門店交(jiao)流溝通(tong),了解各(ge)門店的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮區現(xian)狀(zhuang),想辦法(fa)解決(jue)生(sheng)(sheng)鮮采購和銷(xiao)售中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)問(wen)(wen)題(ti),多(duo)去了解市場(chang),發現(xian)市場(chang),打破生(sheng)(sheng)鮮采購被動的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)面(mian)。還是那句話(hua)(hua),生(sheng)(sheng)鮮自(zi)采不是只喊口(kou)號,不要把(ba)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)停(ting)留在(zai)(zai)“道”的(de)(de)(de)層面(mian),要努力使問(wen)(wen)題(ti)在(zai)(zai)‘術’的(de)(de)(de)層面(mian)上(shang)有所突(tu)破,并最終找到(dao)成功方法(fa)才是正道。
(高新店 趙建寶)